瀝青混凝土的分類

Classification of asphalt concrete

瀝青混凝土按所用結(jié)合料不同，可分為石油瀝青的和煤瀝青的兩大類；有些國家或地區(qū)亦有采用或摻用天然瀝青拌制的。

Asphalt concrete can be divided into two categories based on the different binders used: petroleum asphalt and coal tar asphalt; Some countries or regions also use or mix natural asphalt for mixing.

按所用集料品種不同可分為：

According to the different types of aggregates used, they can be divided into:

碎石的、礫石的、砂質(zhì)的、礦渣的數(shù)類，以碎石采用最為普遍。按混合料最大顆粒尺寸不同，可分為粗粒（35～40毫米以下）、中粒（20～25毫米以下）、細(xì)粒（10～15毫米以下）、砂粒 （5～7毫米以下）等數(shù)類。

There are several types of gravel, gravel, sandy, and slag, with gravel being the most commonly used. According to the different maximum particle sizes of the mixture, it can be divided into several categories: coarse particles (less than 35-40 millimeters), medium particles (less than 20-25 millimeters), fine particles (less than 10-15 millimeters), and sand particles (less than 5-7 millimeters).

按礦料的級配不同可分為：

According to the different gradation of mineral materials, they can be divided into:

密級配、半開級配和開級配等數(shù)類，開級配混合料也稱瀝青碎石。其中熱拌熱鋪的密級配碎石混合料經(jīng)久耐用，強度高，整體性好，是修筑高級瀝青路面的代表性材料，應(yīng)用得最廣。

Dense graded, semi open graded, and open graded mixtures are also known as asphalt crushed stone. Among them, the dense graded crushed stone mixture of hot mix and hot paving is durable, high in strength, and has good integrity. It is a representative material for constructing high-grade asphalt pavement and is widely used.

按礦料的組成不同可分為：

According to the different compositions of ore, it can be divided into:

密實-懸浮結(jié)構(gòu)（如AC-Ⅰ）、骨架-空隙結(jié)構(gòu)（如OGFC）和密實-骨架結(jié)構(gòu)(如SMA)。

Dense suspended structures (such as AC-I), skeleton void structures (such as OGFC), and dense skeleton structures (such as SMA).

各國對瀝青混凝土制訂有不同的規(guī)范，中國制定的熱拌熱鋪瀝青混合料技術(shù)規(guī)范，以孔隙率10%及以下者稱為瀝青混凝土，又細(xì)分為Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型，Ⅰ型的孔隙率為3（或2）～6%，屬密級配型；Ⅱ型為6～10%，屬半開級配型；孔隙率10%以上者稱為瀝青碎石，屬開級配型；混合料的物理力學(xué)指標(biāo)有穩(wěn)定度、流值和孔隙率等。

Different countries have different specifications for asphalt concrete. The technical specifications for hot mix and hot laid asphalt mixtures formulated by China refer to asphalt concrete with a porosity of 10% or less, which is further divided into Type I and Type II. Type I has a porosity of 3 (or 2) to 6% and belongs to the dense grading type; Type II is 6-10%, belonging to the semi open graded type; Those with a porosity of more than 10% are called asphalt crushed stones and belong to the open graded type; The physical and mechanical indicators of the mixture include stability, flow value, and porosity.

瀝青混合料的強度主要表現(xiàn)在兩個方面：

The strength of asphalt mixtures is mainly manifested in two aspects:

一是瀝青與礦粉形成的膠結(jié)料的粘結(jié)力；

One is the bonding strength of the binder formed by asphalt and mineral powder;

另一是集料顆粒間的內(nèi)摩阻力和鎖結(jié)力。

The other is the internal friction and locking force between aggregate particles.

礦粉細(xì)顆粒（大多小于0.075毫米）的巨大表面積使瀝青材料形成薄膜，從而提高了瀝青材料的粘結(jié)強度和溫度穩(wěn)定性；而鎖結(jié)力則主要在粗集料顆粒之間產(chǎn)生。

The huge surface area of fine mineral powder particles (mostly less than 0.075 millimeters) forms a thin film of asphalt material, thereby improving the bonding strength and temperature stability of asphalt material; And the locking force is mainly generated between the coarse aggregate particles.

選擇瀝青混凝土礦料級配時要兼顧兩者，以達(dá)到加入適量瀝青后混合料能形成密實、穩(wěn)定、粗糙度適宜、經(jīng)久耐用的路面。

When selecting the gradation of asphalt concrete aggregates, both should be taken into account to achieve a dense, stable, moderately rough, and durable road surface after adding an appropriate amount of asphalt to the mixture.

配合礦料有多種方法，可以用公式計算，也可以憑經(jīng)驗規(guī)定級配范圍，中國采用經(jīng)驗曲線的級配范圍。

There are various methods for blending mineral materials, which can be calculated using formulas or determined based on experience. China adopts the grading range of empirical curves.

瀝青混合料中的瀝青適宜用量，應(yīng)以試驗室試驗結(jié)果和工地實用情況來確定，一般在有關(guān)規(guī)范內(nèi)均列有可資參考的瀝青用量范圍作為試配的指導(dǎo)。

The appropriate amount of asphalt in asphalt mixtures should be determined based on laboratory test results and practical conditions on the construction site. Generally, there are reference asphalt dosage ranges listed in relevant specifications as guidance for trial mixing.

當(dāng)?shù)V料品種、級配范圍、瀝青稠度和種類、拌和設(shè)施、地區(qū)氣候及交通特征較固定時，也可采用經(jīng)驗公式估算。

When the variety of mineral materials, grading range, asphalt consistency and type, mixing facilities, regional climate and traffic characteristics are fixed, empirical formulas can also be used for estimation.

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